Hydrogen is an ultra-light gas that occupies a substantial volume under standard conditions of pressure, i.e., atmospheric pressure. In order to store and transport hydrogen efficiently, this volume must be significantly reduced.
Hydrogen storage is a key enabling technology for the advancement of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in applications including stationary power, portable power, and transportation. Hydrogen has the highest energy per mass of any fuel; however, its low ambient temperature density results in a low energy per unit volume, therefore requiring the development of advanced storage methods that have potential for higher energy density.
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Hydrogen can be stored physically as either a gas or a liquid. Storage of hydrogen as a gas typically requires high-pressure tanks (350–700 bar [5,000–10,000 psi] tank pressure). Storage of hydrogen as a liquid requires cryogenic temperatures because the boiling point of hydrogen at one atmosphere pressure is −252.8°C. Hydrogen can also be stored on the surfaces of solids.
Advanced materials for hydrogen storage technologies including adsorbents, metal hydrides, and chemical carriers play a key role in bringing hydrogen to its full potential.
Market Segment by Product Type
- Hydrogen Storage Infrastructure
- Hydrogen Transportation for Re-Fueling
- Hydrogen Powered Rail Vehicles
- Hydrogen Powered Cars
- Other Vehicles (Hydrogen Powered Buses, Trucks)
Market Segment by Product Application
- Hydrogen Storage
- Hydrogen Transport
Hydrogen Storage Techniques:
- High-pressure storage in the gaseous form
- Very low temperature storage in the liquid form
- Hydride-based storage in the solid form