Industrial automation is the use of technologies such as computer software and robotics to control machinery and processes which replace human beings in performing specific functions. The functions are primarily centered on manufacturing, quality control and material handling processes. The initial goals of industrial automation were focused on increasing productivity by extending work hours, and reducing the costs of maintaining a large human workforce. These goals have gradually shifted, and are now more focused on improving quality and flexibility.
Industrial automation technology is constantly advancing. The advancement of additional technologies such as 3D printed parts and the incorporation of precise robotic line workers means that auto manufacturers have come to rely on high outputs and minimal downtime – something an all-human workforce simply can’t replicate.
The auto industry has been a pilot project, being the first pioneers to embrace automation and continuously drive the need for such technologies. In fact, the auto industry alone accounts for nearly half of all industrial robotics sales in North America. This implementation has not only increased output and reduced downtime but has also significantly increased profits for auto manufacturers.
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Industrial automation is often associated with the “fourth industrial revolution,” also known as Industry 4.0, which also encompasses the advancement of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Industry 4.0 works with IIot and industrial software and hardware to improve manufacturing processes via internet-enabled devices, and ideally will create a manufacturing platform that is more reliable, consistent and efficient.
Automation within the auto industry has been used to relieve human workers of heavy, monotonous, and dangerous tasks and speeding production times. Although technology has changed, the purpose behind it has not. Assembly lines today simply couldn’t function on man-power alone, which is why industrial automotive robots have been designed and programmed to handle increasingly more tasks.
With the arrival of automation, control loops were added to machine operation. These can be open control loops that allow for human input or closed loops which are fully automated. Industrial control systems (ICS) allow for monitoring and control locally and remotely. With these increasingly advanced control mechanisms, industries can operate 24 hours a day. Productivity has increased, errors are reduced and quality is improved. However, automation does have some negative impact, including high initial costs, reduced worker employment and the elimination of some ethical human oversight. As automation continues to advance and gain popularity in new industries, it is possible to see these events increase.
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