Hydrogen, while not present in its molecular form, is a pure, flexible, and effective zero-emission energy carrier found abundantly on Earth. Water, which makes the atmosphere of the production process compliant, is the primary raw material used for hydrogen generation. It can be manufactured from various feedstocks as a principal product or by-product. Hydrogen is a fully renewable fuel that can be produced and converted into electricity effectively to meet energy needs.
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Electricity can be converted into hydrogen by electrolysis. The hydrogen can be then stored and eventually re-electrified. The round-trip efficiency today is lower than other storage technologies. Despite this low efficiency, the interest in hydrogen energy storage is growing due to the much higher storage capacity compared to batteries (small scale) or pumped hydro and CAES (large scale).
Hydrogen energy storage is another form of chemical energy storage in which electrical power is converted into hydrogen. … Hydrogen can be produced from electricity by the electrolysis of water, a simple process that can be carried out with relatively high efficiency provided cheap power is available.
Hydrogen can be produced:
At or near the site of use in distributed production
At large facilities and then delivered to the point of use in central production
At intermediate scale facilities located in close proximity (25 100 miles) to the point of use in semi-central production.