Hydrogen storage is defined as the type of technology which is used for the enhancement and advancement of technology in applications including, stationary power, portable power, and transportation. Hydrogen storage has its extreme applications in chemicals, metalworking, general industrial, transportation, stationary power, portable power, and transportation among others.
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Hydrogen storage is important if it is to form part of the future renewable energy mix. With international efforts to reduce emissions and the use of carbon-based fuels, hydrogen fuel cells could help create a greener solution to our power generation needs, including powering anything from small electronic devices to vehicles, aircraft, and even whole buildings.
Another advantage of hydrogen as an energy source is that it can be obtained by electrolysis from electricity produced from surplus renewables, at the same time allowing hydrogen to fulfill a corresponding energy demand. Alternatively, hydrogen can be stored in large quantities for extended periods of time. Unlike batteries, this energy is not lost over time and can therefore be produced and stored on an industrial scale as part of a green energy mix. This stored hydrogen can then be retrieved as a backup energy supply when needed.
Hydrogen storage is important if it is to be part of our future clean energy solutions, yet more research and infrastructure improvements are required in order for hydrogen to realize its full potential. As such, the United States Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO) focuses on applied research, development, and innovation to advance hydrogen use for transportation and diverse applications. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) supports research and development of a range of technologies to produce hydrogen economically and in environmentally friendly ways.
Hydrogen can be stored in three different ways:
- As a gas under high pressures
- In liquid form under cryogenic temperatures
- On the surface of or within solid and liquid materials