Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a sudden decline in kidney function, ranging from mild impairment to complete failure. Common symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dehydration, drowsiness, and confusion.
The treatment for AKI varies based on its cause and severity. Experimental treatments for managing AKI include vasoactive peptides, growth factors, endothelin inhibitors, adhesion molecules, and bio-artificial kidneys. Aminophylline is also being explored experimentally for prophylaxis against renal failure.
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One significant trend contributing to the rise in acute kidney injuries is the increasing geriatric population, particularly in developed nations like the U.S., Japan, and Western European countries. Factors such as improved healthcare infrastructure, favorable reimbursement policies, and advancements in medical facilities have led to a higher number of elderly individuals. Enhanced access to diagnostic and treatment services, particularly in developed regions, has also contributed to increased life expectancy among the population.