Nasopharyngeal swabs are a vital component of clinical diagnostics, involving the collection of nasal secretions from the nasopharynx area. These samples are analyzed to detect organisms or clinical markers responsible for specific diseases like influenza, diphtheria, whooping cough, and viral infections such as MERS and COVID-19.
The Lancet Microbe journal, published in January 2023, revealed that nasal swab tests can detect previously unidentified viruses by examining the presence of a specific immune system molecule, not typically included in standard tests.
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There has been a notable increase in the prevalence of respiratory infectious diseases, affecting the respiratory system, including the lungs and airways. These illnesses stem from various pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. Symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, appear hours or days after infection and include fever, coughing, sore throat, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, wheezing, and breathing difficulties. These conditions are influenced by rapid sociodemographic changes and evident climate variations.
Respiratory infectious diseases pose a significant global health challenge, leading to substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic repercussions. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies these diseases, communicable and non-communicable, as second only to heart and cerebrovascular diseases. Lower respiratory tract infections rank as the third leading cause of death worldwide but take precedence in countries with lower economic status.