The green hydrogen market size was more than USD 5.0 billion in 2023, and it is expected to grow at a rate of over 48.5% from 2024 to 2033.
Green hydrogen is a type of hydrogen produced through the electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources. The process of electrolysis splits water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms using an electric current. The hydrogen produced can be used in a variety of ways, including as a fuel for vehicles or as a way to store energy.
A key advantage of green hydrogen is that it does not produce greenhouse gas emissions when used. This is in contrast to traditional hydrogen, which is produced from natural gas and emits carbon dioxide when burned. Green hydrogen can therefore help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.
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Green Hydrogen Market Trends
There has been a growing interest in green hydrogen technology in the past decade. This is due to the many potential benefits that this technology can offer. Some of the key trends in green hydrogen technology include the following:
- Increased Efficiency: One of the main trends in green hydrogen technology is the increased efficiency of electrolyzers. This is important because it means that more hydrogen can be produced from renewable energy sources.
- Cost reductions: Another trend is the reduction in the cost of green hydrogen technology. This is due to the improved efficiency of electrolyzers and the development of new technologies.
- Improved Storage: Another trend is the improved storage of green hydrogen. This is due to the development of new storage technologies, such as metal hydrides.
- Increased Use: Another trend is the increased use of green hydrogen. This is due to the many potential applications of green hydrogen, such as in fuel cells and as a chemical feedstock.
- Increased Investment: Another trend is the increased investment in green hydrogen technology. This is due to the growing interest in this technology and the potential benefits it can offer.
Green Hydrogen Market Drivers
There are many factors that are driving the green hydrogen market. One of the most important drivers is the need to decarbonize the economy and move to cleaner energy sources. Hydrogen is seen as a key part of this transition, as it can be used in a variety of ways to replace fossil fuels. For example, it can be used as a fuel for transportation, as a way to store energy, and as a feedstock for various industrial processes.
Another key driver of the green hydrogen market is the falling cost of production. Thanks to advances in technology, it is now possible to produce hydrogen more cheaply and efficiently than ever before. This is making it increasingly competitive with other energy sources, such as natural gas.
Finally, there is growing political support for green hydrogen. Many countries are now committing to hydrogen targets as part of their climate change mitigation plans. This is providing a boost to the market and is helping to drive investment in the sector.
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Green Hydrogen Market Restraints & Challenges
The cost of producing hydrogen gas from renewable energy sources is currently higher than the cost of producing hydrogen gas from fossil fuels. In order to make the hydrogen economy economically viable, the cost of producing hydrogen gas from renewable energy sources must be reduced. There are a number of ways to reduce the cost of electrolysis, including improving the efficiency of electrolyzers, using renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, and using nuclear power.
Another challenge in the development of a hydrogen economy is the need to develop a hydrogen infrastructure, including a network of hydrogen production and distribution facilities. The infrastructure required to support a hydrogen economy is currently not in place. In order to develop a hydrogen economy, it will be necessary to invest in the development of a hydrogen infrastructure.
Green Hydrogen Market Segments
The Green Hydrogen market has been segmented into technology, distribution channel, source, end-use, and region.
Green Hydrogen Market by Technology
By technology, the market is classified into proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, alkaline electrolyzer, and others. The alkaline electrolyzer segment accounted for the majority of the green hydrogen market share in 2023, and the proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer segment is expected to be the fastest-growing segment during the forecast period. In addition, alkaline electrolyzers are significantly less expensive than PEM electrolyzers. As a result, this type of electrolyzer is commonly used for on-site green hydrogen production. The main benefit of alkaline electrolyzers is that they can sustain greater megawatt (MW) range stacks, resulting in increased capacity and a more stable working environment for them.
Green Hydrogen Market by End-Use
By end-use, the market is divided into power generation, chemical feedstock, transportation, and others. The chemical feedstock segment is further divided into green ammonia, methanol, and others. The chemical feedstock segment is anticipated to account for the largest market share in 2023, and the transportation segment is expected to be the fastest-growing segment during the forecast period. The transportation sector is anticipated to increase significantly over the forecasted period. Hydrogen’s role as a fuel for the transport sector can extend beyond road transport to shipping and aviation. The shipping and aviation sectors use heavy fuel oil and jet fuel, respectively. Moreover, there are few alternatives to decarbonize these sectors, which are less readily available and more expensive than conventional fuels. Hence, hydrogen or hydrogen-based compounds can significantly decarbonize shipping and aviation.
Green Hydrogen Market by Distribution Channel
By distribution channel, the green hydrogen market is bifurcated into pipelines, cargo, and ships. Among these, the pipeline segment is anticipated to hold the majority of the market share during the forecast period. Green hydrogen can be transported in three main ways: pipelines, tanker ships, and trucks, depending on the volume, distance, and state in which it is transported. Besides, by far, the most cost-effective and feasible method of transportation is through pipelines, where a very high energy transportation capacity can be achieved.
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Green Hydrogen Market by Region
Region-wise, the green hydrogen market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the rest of the world. The European region held the majority of the market share in 2023. The presence of a large number of green hydrogen companies across the region acts as a favorable factor for the growth of the European green hydrogen market. In addition, Europe leads the market due to huge investments by the European countries, focusing on energy transition into a clean hydrogen-based region. Besides, Europe is one of the major regions in the green hydrogen market, with Germany, Austria, Netherlands, France, Spain, and the UK as some of the top countries in the region.
Major Players in the Green Hydrogen Market
The key players in the Green Hydrogen Market are Nel Hydrogen, McPhy Energy, ITM Power Plc, Hydrogenics (Cummins), Plug Power, John Cockerill, Air Liquide, Linde, PowerCell, Ballard Power Systems, FuelCell Energy, Air Products and Chemicals, and Royal Dutch Shell, among others.
COVID-19 Impact
The COVID-19 outbreak has moderately impacted the green hydrogen industry landscape. The consumption of utilities, including electricity, was negatively impacted in early 2020 with a slowdown in annual growth. The imposition of partial to complete lockdown measures in response to COVID-19 led to an economic downturn in almost all countries and territories worldwide. The shortage in liquidity forced downsizing and other cost-cutting measures like reduced budgets for attending events and pay cuts. COVID-19 would, however, accelerate the need for reducing carbon emissions by a couple of years, which would mean an increased demand for green hydrogen in the future.
The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly affected numerous verticals, such as the oil refining industry, chemical sector, and steel manufacturing industry, which have currently witnessed huge hydrogen demand, which the COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted. Developing countries such as the UAE, China, India, Egypt, and others that largely focus on integrating clean power energy generation technologies have witnessed a setback by the outbreak of deadly disease. Also, several countries globally are participating in clan energy installations. Such factors positively influence the industry’s expansion.
Transportation and Storage of Green Hydrogen
Transportation and storage of hydrogen have conventionally been challenging owing to the unique features of the gas—low density, flammability, embrittlement, and ease of dispersion. However, commercial impetus and technical development are facilitating more economic modes of transportation and storage.
Hydrogen has three main avenues for storage such as storage tanks, chemical storage, and natural underground storage in salt domes and salt caverns. Each of these storage has its own use cases and challenges. In addition, a growing interest in green hydrogen globally is encouraging developers to think of reusing the existing gas pipelines and other infrastructure with minor modifications for the transportation and storage of green hydrogen.
Green hydrogen can be transported in three main ways: pipelines, tanker ships, and trucks, depending on the volume, distance, and state in which it is transported. Besides, green hydrogen can be transported as a liquid in thermo-insulated containers, as a gas in high-pressure containers, in a chemical carrier medium, or in processed form as ammonia or methanol. However, by far, the most cost-effective and feasible method of transportation is through pipeline, where a very high energy transportation capacity can be achieved.
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