Ultrafiltration Membrane || The Innovation Technology of the Future

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a water purification process in which water is forced through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and high-molecular-weight solutes remain on one side of the membrane, the retentate side, while water and low-molecular-weight solutes filter through the membrane to the permeate side. Ultrafiltration is one membrane filtration process that serves as a barrier to separate harmful bacteria, viruses, and other contaminants from clean water. Ultrafiltration is a form of filtration that uses membranes to separate different fluids or ions.

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Ultrafiltration (UF) is a separation process using membranes with pore sizes in the range of 0.1 to 0.001 micron. Typically, UF membranes will remove high molecular-weight substances, colloidal materials, and organic and inorganic polymeric molecules. Low molecular-weight organics and ions such as sodium, calcium, magnesium chloride, and sulfate are not removed by UF Membranes. Because only high-molecular weight species are removed, the osmotic pressure differential across the UF Membrane surface is negligible. Low applied pressures are therefore sufficient to achieve high flux rates from an Ultrafiltration membrane. Flux of a membrane is defined as the amount of permeate produced per unit area of membrane surface per unit time. Ultrafiltration membranes can have extremely high fluxes but in most practical applications the flux varies between 50 and 200 GFD at an operating pressure of about 50 psig in contrast, reverse osmosis membranes only produce between 10 to 30 GFD at 200 to 400 psi.

Ultrafiltration uses membranes that are partially permeable to perform the separation, but the membrane pores are typically much larger than Nanofiltration membrane pores. Membrane bioreactor is a combination of microfiltration or ultrafiltration process along with a suspended growth bioreactor which is widely used at present for the treatment of industrial wastewater and municipal water.

There are two main types of ultrafiltration systems.
>> Point-of-use: These are typically used for under-the-counter drinking water systems.
>> Point-of-entry: These are typically used to run water for applications that do not require water filtered as fine.

Ultrafiltration is a type of membrane technology that uses applied forces such as pressure or concentration gradients for the separation of suspended solids, colloids, bacteria and virus through a semipermeable membrane. The membrane used in this process has a pore size between 1-100nm. Ultrafiltration process is employed in industries such as chemical & pharmaceutical manufacturing, food and beverage processing, and wastewater treatment for the purpose of flow recycling or value addition to later products and this process of ultrafiltration is also used in blood dialysis.

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